Subacromial impingement syndrome
What is subacromial impingement syndrome?
It is a condition in which the shoulder tendons are “compressed” in a narrow space under the acromion (bony part of the shoulder blade). This causes pain and difficulty in shoulder movement.
What causes the pain?
The pain is caused by the friction (impingement) of the tendons and the subacromial bursa during shoulder movement, especially when lifting the arm.
What are the most common symptoms?
How is it caused?
It is usually associated with:
- Repetitive overhead movements
- Poor posture
- Muscle weakness or asymmetry
- Tendon degeneration with age
- Anatomical peculiarity of the acromion
Who is most at risk?
- People who work with their hands overhead
- Athletes (e.g., tennis, swimming, throwing sports)
- Middle-aged and older individuals
- People with a sedentary lifestyle and poor posture
How is the diagnosis made?
The diagnosis is primarily made through clinical examination.
The doctor may use special tests that reproduce the pain.
In some cases, examinations such as X-ray, ultrasound, or MRI are needed.
What is the treatment?
Management is usually conservative:
- Activity modification
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Physiotherapy (strengthening and improving mobility)
- Exercises for proper posture
In persistent cases, an injection into the subacromial space may be performed.
Surgical treatment is rarely needed and applies to cases that do not improve.
If left untreated, can it worsen?
Yes. Over time, it can lead to greater tendon degeneration and potentially a rotator cuff tear.
How long does rehabilitation take?
Symptoms usually improve within a few weeks to months, depending on the severity and consistency of treatment.
When should I see a doctor?
- When the pain persists for more than 1–2 weeks
- When you have difficulty with daily movements
- When pain wakes you up at night
- When there is gradual worsening
Can it be prevented?
In many cases, yes:
- With proper posture
- By strengthening the shoulder and shoulder blade muscles
- By avoiding excessive strain
- With proper technique in exercise and work
